Showing posts with label India. Show all posts
Showing posts with label India. Show all posts

Thursday, April 17, 2008

Soonamai Desai

I have been reading the (unpublished) memoirs of Soonamai Desai, a Gujarati lady who lived to be 100. She died in 1983 and the memoirs speak of both her public and her private life. She was the first woman corporator in Navsari and travelled widely. I have been intrigued by her life and also by her description of social life in general, the difference between the India she grew up in and the one she died in, and the way in which her story ties up with 'standard' history.

For example, she speaks of meeting Madam Cama in Paris and of how the lady had made arrangements for what should be done if she died there as she expected to since at the time she doubted that the British would give her permission to return either to England or to India because of her Nationalist activities. As it turned out, the British did allow Madam Cama to return to her homeland and she died on Indian soil but I hadn't known anything at all about the French funeral arrangements. In fact, I didn't know that they had existed at all.

What I found particularly touching though weren't her memories but her description of growing old. She said that in old age, the respect and admiration of one's acquaintances give way to their mockery and to a 'don't care attitude'. After all what can the old actually do? They become dependent on others and are therefore helpless. To understand the lot of the old, one has to be old -- to understand how desolate they can be as all their contemporaries pass away and they have no one to turn to. She ended by saying, "So now my life is not only in its evening -- it is decidedly night and as I look back, with a few blinding spots which have hit me hard enough to make my head reel; life, fate, destiny -- call it what you will -- has been good to me and it is in this mood that I await the coming of a stage of life called death but which could be but another phase of life with some impatience and great curiosity."

Tuesday, April 15, 2008

A Woman, A Widow, and A Witch

If
  • you're a woman
  • and a widow
  • and belong to a lower caste

you could be

  • stripped
  • garlanded with shoes
  • paraded through the village streets naked
  • and accused of being a witch

should you attempt to enter a temple.

timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Cities/Widow_paraded_naked_for_entering_temple/rssarticleshow/2927206.cms

There's much to be said about the abuse of people from low castes. There's just much to be said about discrimination against women in general and widows in particular. But I'm not going to say it here. I'm going to focus on the fact that, in this case, this one woman was, of all things, accused of being a witch.

It happens. Say something you're not supposed to say. Stand up for yourself. In an urban setting, you'll probably be called either a slut or a ball-breaking bitch but chances are, you won't be called a witch.

The rationale behind the reactions in urban and rural settings is very similar though -- to denigrate what you cannot control hoping, in the back of your mind, that the self-confidence and assertiveness in the woman will disintegrate. And at the very least, if that doesn't happen, that you'll scare other women enough not to have them act similarly.

Witch-hunting is still prevalent in various parts of the world including some Indian states such as Assam, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra. Between 1991 and 2000, over 522 cases of witch-hunting were registered in Bihar alone.

What's frightening though is that nowadays, being branded a witch is often just a device for people to do such things as settle property disputes and ensure that women do not stand up for their political and other rights. That seems to have been what's happened in this case: a woman who's three times as vulnerable because of not only being a woman but also a widow and a member of a lower caste was targetted when she entered a Kali temple in Dhanbad.

The persecution of so-called witches is sometimes due to Shamans who encourage such acts and due genuine ignorance and superstition while at other times, as I suspect is the case here, it's due to the need for a covert and 'socially acceptable' means of keeping women from asserting their rights.

It ranks among the most ignored crimes against women in Indian society today but many social activists say that legislation alone is unlikely to do much to help solve the problem unless there is a change in the attitudes of the people. And until attitudes do change, India will continue to have the dubious distinction of being, as someone once put it, 'a Nuclear Power engulfed in a Black Magic frenzy'.

References:
In the name of the witch : frontlineonnet.com/fl1723/17230870.htm
I've also quoted from an article I wrote ages ago here.

Monday, April 14, 2008

First Case Registered in NRI Police Stations

Earlier this year, six police stations were set up in Punjab to deal with NRI crimes since NRIs have increasingly apparently begun to arrange for contract killings in India because laws are far less systematically applied in India than in the countries where they live.

The Hindustan Times, for example, says, "Kuldeep Singh of Mukerian was killed in October 2005 following a land dispute with Gurdev Singh, an Indian living in the US. The NRI is said to have paid Rs 1.2 million for the contract killing." [1]

In addition to this, NRIs often face situations where their property in india is grabbed by relatives or by tenants who refuse to leave. According to the Times of India, '327 criminal cases were registered by police department last year on complaints filed by NRIs'. [2]

However, the first case to be filed in these police stations has been one which involves domestic violence, dowry issues and an NRI husband who appears to have deserted his wife. The case was filed by Deesho of Natha Nangal who married Kulwinder Lal of Rotanda in April 2003. Soon after her marriage, she began being harassed for dowry. her husband left her in his parents home when he went to Dubai but she shifted to her own parents' home because of their abuse. He apparently didn't visit her when he last came to India. [3]

Links:
[1]
http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?id=fe31b492-8459-40c3-96ef-3cb4f83f6e89&&Headline=Contract+killings+on+the+rise+among+NRIs
[2]
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Rise_in_NRI_complaints_in_Punjab/articleshow/2832201.cms
[3]
http://www.punjabnewsline.com/content/view/9914/38/

Saturday, April 12, 2008

Woman Without Identification

There’s a woman I came across some time ago who’s about my age.

She’s been widowed twice. Has a son. Lives with her sister’s family. She’s alive. She has a life.

She has no identification: no birth certificate, no school certificate — she never went to school — and no marriage certificate — neither of her marriages were registered. She certainly doesn’t have a Voter’s ID, PAN card, Ration Card or Driver’s Licence.


I know she exists. As far as the government is concerned, she doesn’t.


She can’t open a bank account or do anything which requires some form of identification.


Her son’s a child. Her sister isn’t too happy about having her in her home, or so I hear. If she disappeared, I’m not sure who, if anyone, would notice.


(Image: babasteve)


Thursday, April 10, 2008

MP v. Pilot

I was just reading about a row between a member of Parliament, Abdul Wahab, and the captain of an Indian airplane, Rajat Rana.

I have no idea of what the rights and wrongs of the situation are. Considering that we spend much of our time engaged in unrestrained sycophancy, I find interesting that in the comments in response to this story on the Times of India website, not one person seemed to support the MP. The one commenter who said that the pilot was in the wrong said:

vijayamohan,coimbatore,says: The pilot’s action was totally unjustified. His writ runs only while the plane is airborne. Technically, the correct procedure would be to offload the MP in midflight (preferrably without a parachute)

[9 Apr, 2008 1213hrs IST]

The MP’s side of the story:

“I arrived at the airport well ahead of the schedule departure of the flight at 8.55 am. But the flight which was coming from Doha was delayed. Around 9 am, the duty manager escorted me and my wife to the aircraft. Mr Rana who was waiting at the ladder shouted at the manager for delaying the flight, alleging he was bringing in passengers late. His anger wouldn’t ebb even after I had taken my seat inside the plane. … It was at this point I decided to intervene. Mr Rana then told me it was none of my business. I replied he was only a glorified driver and shouldn’t equate himself with a people’s representative. He became furious and called up the duty manager to get me off the plane. As I didn’t want to cause any inconvenience to co-passengers, I decided to get down.”


timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/MP_offloaded_from_plane/articleshow/2936142.cms
(As far as I know, the pilot hasn’t made a public statement. And, incidentally, as someone pointed out, the pilot would have had to shout to be heard over the engine noise.)

Saturday, March 29, 2008

Damini

I’ve got a film called ‘Damini’ playing on the TV next to me. I read a review of the film and have absolutely no desire to watch it although I suspect I’m going to watch it anyway. The basic story seems to be:

  • poor village girl named Damini marries rich urban man
  • taunted by her mother-in-law, she makes friends with the maid
  • the maid is raped by her brother-in-law and three others in her marital home
  • Damini initially unwittingly helps to cover-up the incident
  • she later fights for justice for the maid
  • while doing this, her in-laws buy everyone in the system who can be bought, she herself is declared mentally unstable and the maid is killed
  • she somehow escapes from a mental institution in which she has been dumped because of being supposedly mentally unstable and goes on to continue fighting for justice with the help of a lawyer who’s given up on justice
  • she ultimately succeeds primarily because her husband has a change of heart and supports her

Apart from the fact that it’s a little too easy for the story to have been true for me to have any desire watch it, I can’t help but wonder if — as inappropriate as this is to say — it’d have been smarter not to fight for justice. Damini would not have had to go through all that she did go through and, even more importantly, I can’t help but suspect that if there was no such fight, the maid would not have been killed (since she seems to have been killed primarily to ensure that the rapist’s family’s ‘honour’ was not denigrated).
The film ends very neatly with the criminals getting their just deserts but that hasn’t stopped me from wondering if there are times (in real life) when it’s a good idea to cut one’s losses and leave vengeance to God?

Thursday, March 27, 2008

Expected

NOT TO be anywhere around bling because it’s distasteful
NOT TO wear red, scarlet or maroon because it’s cheap
NOT TO focus on your own goals because selfishness is disgusting
NOT TO sit down without crossing your ankles because it’s tawdry
NOT TO be amoral yourself because it’s imperative that you conform to societal norms
NOT TO judge anyone else’s morals because it’s not your place to do so
NOT TO know about anything scandalous because it isn’t respectable
NOT TO complain because nothing yours is yours by right
NOT TO forget that there is much which should be questioned in society because complaisance is unthinkable
NOT TO ask questions in your own life because it’s annoying
NOT TO offer an opinion without being asked for one because it’s almost always inconsequential
NOT TO slouch because that’s excusable only if you’re a jellyfish
NOT TO fall ill because it’s inconvenient for everyone around you
NOT TO make plans because it makes you unavailable if your presence happens to be wanted
NOT TO swear because it’s unseemly
NOT TO drink because it’s undignified
NOT TO substitute good taste with a brand because that’s noveau riche
NOT TO avoid working hard because it’s unacceptable to be mediocre
NOT TO read anything which isn’t a serious academic work or at least literary fiction because frivolty is ludicrous

Wednesday, March 26, 2008

A Walk

“Don’t hitchhike.
Don’t sit alone by the sea for more than ten minutes.
Stop thinking about watching the sun rise over a field, all by yourself.
Stop thinking about long, leafy walks that lead nowhere.
Stop wondering how the streets looks at midnight, after a drizzle.
Stop…”
I just came across these lines in an old post by Annie Zaidi [1] about street harassment euphemistically known as eve teasing for some reason I’ve never really understood.
There’s a path I love to go for walks along: it’s not out of the way but it is entirely secluded and can give you the feeling of being not in a city even if only for brief moments. Annie’s comment about not thinking of long, leafy walks that lead nowhere reminded me of it.
I love the path but I don’t feel safe walking along it by myself which means that if I am to walk along it, I need to coerce someone into coming along with me (which tends to destroy the feeling of being entirely alone).
The last time I went for a walk there, feeling the way I do, I asked to be accompanied. At the beginning of the path there were about half a dozen watchmen and all of them stared when we approached. The chap I was with seemed a bit unnerved and asked if the area was restricted.
It wasn’t.
It turns out that you can be physically safe by ensuring that you’re not alone. Or you can safeguard your reputation by not being seen heading towards secluded areas with a man. But you can’t do both (even though, in this particular case, even if one was so inclined, I don’t know what in God’s name one would do in an area such as that considering how messy, thorny, and, quite probably, snake-infested it is).
And, no, the solution isn’t to avoid secluded areas altogether because it isn’t just secluded areas which require one to be careful. How many times have you heard of women being ‘eve teased’ on a public road, on a train, in the market, on a bus…
Being safe is not solely about dressing conservatively or about avoiding the stereotypical dangerous places. In fact, as bizarre as this sounds, I’ve had more men stop on streets to ask if I want a lift, to inform me that they want to make ‘fraanship’, or to grope me when I’ve been dressed conservatively (in a sari or a salwaar kameez, my hair pulled back into a neat chignon, and a large bindi on my forehead) than when I’ve dressed in jeans and a shirt.
I’m quite certain that there is no such thing as a place which is inherently safe.

Sunday, March 23, 2008

Guest Post: Real Nightmares

This post was written by Aban Mukherji in 2006. It speaks of a domestic violence incident which involved an acid attack and describes the author’s reaction to it.
How can one deal with experiences that cross the borders of language?
Yesterday my friend Vijaya, an experienced medical social worker at the J—- Hospital, baldly described the trauma of a patient. The ’sweet-looking young girl’ was brought from Pune to the J—- Hospital in Mumbai in a Sumo, crouched on her hands and knees on the floor of the vehicle for four hours. “She couldn’t sit,” said Vijaya, matter of factly, “because her buttocks were on fire.” I felt a band of steel grip my forehead, even before Vijaya started narrating the sequence of events, which brought this girl-wife across the threshold of the hospital. “A few weeks ago, her husband, who periodically tortured her, threw acid on her private parts, then inserted a bottle of Vicks VapoRub into her vagina before having sex with her. You should have seen her condition two weeks ago. It was horrible!” and Vijaya’s face puckered in a ghastly grimace. “Her pelvic region and buttocks are covered with huge sores and boils. But today she seems a little better. She will pull through”.
“Her pain was so great that she barely remembered crawling out of the house on her hands and knees. Her neighbours refused to come to her aid. How she reached her sister’s home is anybody’s guess. The police refused to register an FIR and S—- Hospital closed their doors on her.
In desperation she was brought all the way from Pune to J—- Hospital – her private parts, a mass of burnt flesh.” “But her face is so pretty and untouched,” she concluded. “And nothing has been done to arrest the husband. That psychopath is still at large! Dr. D—-, the head of the Gynaecological Dept is reluctant to allow reporters to interview the girl though the —- correspondent has managed to see her in Ward 32 of the hospital!”
After Vijaya left, my mother and I watched part of Schindler’s List. How could one put into words what the victims of brutality on such a vast scale had suffered? Even personal suffering, on a very modest scale, seems to freeze one into silence. Perhaps Vijaya’s tale, and Schindler’s List together proved too strong a dose for me and the horror brought on the old, familiar, nightmare which used to haunt me a few years ago, when I had come face to face with a woman whose face was a ghastly mesh of scars, eyeballs bulging out of their sockets, a mouth without lips with protruding teeth, cheeks, neck and shoulders a mass of raw, burnt flesh—the victim of an acid attack. She was standing on the overbridge spanning Queen’s Road. As I hurried past her, our eyes interlocked. I could not fathom their expression as they bored into mine. Was it pain, despair, detachment or utter numbness? I stumbled down the steps, feeling giddy and nauseous.
That night I dreamt that acid had been thrown on my face. I could not recognize myself. I knew I was me, but who was I? ” I know who I am.” I went on proclaiming to myself, hysterically. But I could not identify myself with that ghastly image and if I could not accept that image as myself, then, I was not ‘I’. In my dream, I distinctly remember covering myself with a sheet from head to foot. If I could not see myself and no one could see me, then, perhaps, I could be me. I awoke feeling hot and feverish, grateful to see my face unscarred.
Last night, I again dreamt of an acid attack. This time I was given a choice—your face or your vagina. I shielded my face with both arms, screaming, begging, pleading to spare my face. If my face went “I” would be snuffed out. I woke up with the shrill ring of the alarm before I could clearly articulate my choice. I lay quietly in the dark, knowing I would protect my face at all cost because I would not be able to bear the rejection reflected in the eyes of others. What could be covered and hidden could be denied but the denial of oneself by others would be unbearable.
Published with the author’s permission.

Tuesday, March 18, 2008

Why Does She Stay?

The Navhind Times [1] reported that a man named Motiar was sentenced to just eight months in jail for attempting to murder his wife, Tumpa Bibi, ostensibly because she pleaded that he be let off and the court believed that there existed the possibility of their living a happy life together. He had set her on fire and left her with 36% burns just 28 days into their marriage according to the paper.
Personally, I think that every time a woman decides to stay with an abusive man, it’s an example of hope triumphing over experience (though not in the sense Dr. Johnson meant it). In one of the books in the Princess series, Jean Sasson and her anonymous collaborator had said something to the effect of: Once a dog’s let you see its tail crooked, don’t expect it to straighten it out because it won’t. I couldn’t agree more.
In an article by Evan Stark called ‘The Entrapment Enigma‘ [2] in the OUP USA blog, the author said:
“The psychiatric establishment in the 1970s believed women brought abuse on themselves because they were “masculine,” “frigid,” “overemotional” with “weakened ties to reality,” or had “inappropriate sexual expression.” But by the late 1980s, the “myth of masochism” and other transparent accounts that blamed the “wife-beater’s wife” for her abuse had been widely discredited, in no small part because of the work of feminist mental health professionals . Empirical work by psychologists and social workers had demonstrated that battered women had a better sense of reality than their assailants and, compared to nonbattered women, were actually more “social,” more “sympathetic,” less “masculine” though not necessarily more feminine, exhibited greater ego strength, and employed a greater range of strategies to change their situation than nonbattered women in distressed relationships.”
The question which has remained, however, is why battered woman stay in an abusive relationships. In her book ‘Trauma and Recovery’, Judith Lewis Herman wrote, “Prolonged, repeated trauma, by contrast, occurs only in circumstances of captivity. When the victim is free to escape, she will not be abused a second time; repeated trauma occurs only when the victim is a prisoner, unable to flee, and under the control of the perpetrator.”
Being unable to flee, to use the author’s words, I suspect, is a result of four factors:
1. Practical Difficulties
such as being financially dependant on the abuser and having nowhere to live
2. Social Conditioning
such as believing that a woman’s value as an individual is derived from her ability to ‘keep’ a man which is reinforced by living in a societies where women will be looked down on for supposedly failing to do so
3. Personal Beliefs such as those where a woman is unable to believe that she is worthy of being treated with either respect or kindness as a result of having had her self-esteem torn to shreds by being abused
4. Institutional Responses
such as finding it difficult to convince police to file charges against the perpetrator, not having access to shelters, knowing that courts are unlikely to convict the perpetrator.
Knowing that women may have reasons (which seem entirely sensible) for staying in abusive situations though doesn’t stop me from feeling ill every time I hear about a woman who has actually done so.

Links:
[1] http://www.navhindtimes.com/articles.php?Story_ID=031755
[2] http://blog.oup.com/2007/06/violence/

Monday, March 17, 2008

Recognition to Transsexuals

I just came across a piece in today’s Times of India which says that the Government of Tamil Nadu’s Civil Supplies Department has decided to allow transsexuals to identify themselves using the letter ‘T‘ while applying for ration cards. I couldn’t find a link to the article on their website although I did find an article which deals with the response to the government’s action. [1]
While looking for the link, I discovered that in 2004, the Madras High Court had directed the Government of Tamil Nadu to inform it ‘about the action being taken on a circular from the Election Commission about issuance of identity cards to ‘aravanis’ (eunuchs)’. [2]
I don’t know much about about the rights (or lack thereof) of sexual minorities but I was nonetheless very surprised to see this news come out of Tamil Nadu since I’ve always thought of it as a particularly conservative state. However, when I thought about it, I realised that that opinion is based on what little I’ve seen of people from the state, and every single person I know is from just one caste.
(The reason I know their caste is because, amazingly enough, they’ve all told me their caste within days of my first meeting them. They’re all educated and they’re all phenomenally proud of their caste. So much for social integration!)

Links:

[1] timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Response_to_TN_govt_scheme_overwhelming/articleshow/2870041.cms[2] timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/540464.cms

Monday, March 10, 2008

Crime Against Women

Incidentally, I’ve revived the NotJustStatistics blog which I ran till 2006. I’m not entirely certain why since it seems like an exercise in fultility but here it is anyway:
For those of you who’ve never seen the blog, it primarily contains links to articles which deal with crime against women in India although it focusses on cases which involve Sections 498 A and 304 B of the Indian Penal Code. I try to include the name and the age of the woman involved in each case.I don’t update it very frequently but if you come across a story you’d like to see included, please mail it to me. And if, for some reason, the blog annoys you, please do not mail me. Just to be clear, I don’t want to hear from anyone who belongs to a group that calls itself ‘Saving Indian Family / Society / Husbands / Marriages / Culture’ , ‘Injured Husbands’ , ‘NRI Victims’ or anything else along those lines.While I do realise that the Section i.e. 498 A contains no provision to ensure that women don’t lie, I don’t see that in itself as a reason to do away with the law entirely.

Friday, March 7, 2008

Doctors Assuming Marriage

Kerryn Goldsworthy has a post on her blog entitled ‘Don’t call me Mrs‘. It’s an issue which annoys the life out of me. Her post is primarily about telemarketers etc. getting it wrong but what really bothers me is not so much telemarketers who make assumptions but doctors and nurses who do so.
For example, walk in to for a gynaecological exam. and find that you’re automatically addressed as Mrs. and if you happen to correct whoever’s talking to you, you’ll find that you simply won’t get the tests you need done because it quite simply doesn’t occur to the idiots that one does not need to be married to be in an intimate relationship. And if you do happen to say that you are despite not being married, God help you if you don’t have very thick skin.
I hadn’t realised how annoying it could be till my former doctor in England sent me a letter (followed up by another one six months later) asking me to get some tests done just so that I would have some base figures to check against ones in the future if need be. I quite simply didn’t manage to get the tests done though because every doctor I went to came up with some variation of ‘but we generally don’t do any tests for unmarried girls’. (I still look like a school-child.)
I don’t know if the unwillingness had something to do with virginity or if it was quite simply downright stupidity. Either way, it left me fuming. At one point, I thought of claiming that I was married but, by then, I was so angry that I don’t think I would have been able to pull it off.
Telemarketers, however, have not been too much of a problem for me: almost all such calls are from banks and not one of them has any desire to touch a lawyer, would-be-lawyer or anyone else who is even remotely associated with the legal system with a bargepole.
Links:
[1] http://pavlovblog.blogspot.com/2008/02/dont-call-me-mrs.html

Monday, March 3, 2008

Hinduism and Homosexuality

I just came across a post [1] by a lady imagining what her life might have been like had she been gay. She also speaks of a friend whom she calls Stella saying:

“Stella, at least, had to have really believed that was who she was meant to be.She still believes in God, the last I heard. She just has a lot of questions. It’s just too bad that there aren’t very many churches where they’d let her in long enough to ask them.”

It made me wonder what Hinduism says about homosexuality –- I’ve never heard anything at all being quoted against it from any Hindu scripture. However, a quick search reveals:
  • There is a lone verse in the Manusmriti that reads: “A twice-born man [from an upper caste] who commits an unnatural offence with a male, or has intercourse with a female in a cart drawn by oxen, in water, or in the day-time, shall bathe, dressed in his clothes.” [2]
  • The Arthashastra too apparently imposes a minor fine on a man who has ayoni [non-vaginal] sex (4.13.236). [3]
  • The medical text, Sushruta Samhita mentions two different types of homsexual men: kumbhika and asekya.
  • And the Naradsmriti apparently says that a homosexual man is unfit for marriage to a woman. [4] Well, obviously!
  • Although the Kama Sutra states that homosexual sex is to be engaged in and enjoyed for its own sake as one of the arts. [5]

In addition to this, Hindu religious art and mythology have several depictions of and references to homosexuality right from in the temples of Khajuraho to the tale of Bhagiratha Maharaja, an Indian king born of two women.
That being said, most Hindus I know are deeply homophobic; it’s not a subject I can claim to have any knowledge worth speaking of on but I suspect that that’s one of the effects having had the British make homosexuality a criminal offence during the Raj and never having had the law changed (even though the Brits changed a similar law in their own country in 1967 [6]).
The law in question, Section 377 of the IPC says:Whoever voluntarily has carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
After all, Hinduism in itself doesn’t seem to deeply disapprove of homosexuality: the religion may not be particularly enthusiastic about it but it doesn’t unequivocally prohibit it either. And this is not the only instance where British laws have left a legacy in India of misgivings such as these in what are essentially personal matters …think of the restitution of conjugal rights, a concept alien to India which was introduced by the British and which has caused much hardship over the years.
Links:

[1] http://shushnow.wordpress.com/2008/03/01/what-if-i-were-gay/
[2] http://www.slate.com/id/2102443/
[3] http://www.galva108.org/hinduism.html
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Hinduism
[5] http://www.religionfacts.com/homosexuality/hinduism.htm
[6] http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/cms.dll/html/uncomp/articleshow?msid=187403

Hinduism and Homosexuality

I just came across a post [1] by a lady imagining what her life might have been like had she been gay. She also speaks of a friend whom she calls Stella saying:

“Stella, at least, had to have really believed that was who she was meant to be.She still believes in God, the last I heard. She just has a lot of questions. It’s just too bad that there aren’t very many churches where they’d let her in long enough to ask them.”

It made me wonder what Hinduism says about homosexuality –- I’ve never heard anything at all being quoted against it from any Hindu scripture. However, a quick search reveals:
  • There is a lone verse in the Manusmriti that reads: “A twice-born man [from an upper caste] who commits an unnatural offence with a male, or has intercourse with a female in a cart drawn by oxen, in water, or in the day-time, shall bathe, dressed in his clothes.” [2]
  • The Arthashastra too apparently imposes a minor fine on a man who has ayoni [non-vaginal] sex (4.13.236). [3]
  • The medical text, Sushruta Samhita mentions two different types of homsexual men: kumbhika and asekya.
  • And the Naradsmriti apparently says that a homosexual man is unfit for marriage to a woman. [4] Well, obviously!
  • Although the Kama Sutra states that homosexual sex is to be engaged in and enjoyed for its own sake as one of the arts. [5]

In addition to this, Hindu religious art and mythology have several depictions of and references to homosexuality right from in the temples of Khajuraho to the tale of Bhagiratha Maharaja, an Indian king born of two women.
That being said, most Hindus I know are deeply homophobic; it’s not a subject I can claim to have any knowledge worth speaking of on but I suspect that that’s one of the effects having had the British make homosexuality a criminal offence during the Raj and never having had the law changed (even though the Brits changed a similar law in their own country in 1967 [6]).
The law in question, Section 377 of the IPC says:Whoever voluntarily has carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine.
After all, Hinduism in itself doesn’t seem to deeply disapprove of homosexuality: the religion may not be particularly enthusiastic about it but it doesn’t unequivocally prohibit it either. And this is not the only instance where British laws have left a legacy in India of misgivings such as these in what are essentially personal matters …think of the restitution of conjugal rights, a concept alien to India which was introduced by the British and which has caused much hardship over the years.
Links:

[1] http://shushnow.wordpress.com/2008/03/01/what-if-i-were-gay/
[2] http://www.slate.com/id/2102443/
[3] http://www.galva108.org/hinduism.html
[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality_and_Hinduism
[5] http://www.religionfacts.com/homosexuality/hinduism.htm
[6] http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/cms.dll/html/uncomp/articleshow?msid=187403

The News

Reading the RBI Act. The news playing in the background. Not really paying attention to it but this is what I’ve heard of in the last 40 minutes or so:

Young British girl who supposedly drowned was apparently raped and murdered — her mother claims that the police are trying to cover up the crime

30 year old woman shackled for seven years by her parents supposedly because of being mentally ill

Man married 6 women in 3 years to torture them for dowry with the aid of his parents
Woman killed due to domestic violence

Ugh!

Friday, February 29, 2008

Photos of Pune University

During the days of the Raj, what is now the Pune University campus was the monsoon residence of the Governor of the Province of Bombay. The photo below is of what was once his swimming pool and is situated just next to the residence itself (which has a 300 metre high tower) constructed in the Italian-Gothic style. Usually, the swimming pool — such as it is — has very little water in it and looks nothing like this; the photo here was taken during a particularly heavy monsoon.





More Photos: flickr.com/photos/22257505@N05/sets/72157603578626033/show/



Tuesday, February 26, 2008

A Photo of an Indian Woman



She’s looking down, quite literally seeing nothing but the ground beneath her feet. Her gait seems more purposeful than elegant and her heels are cracked. The way she’s draped her sari is anything but chic. And her footwear is both sensible and inexpensive although she’s wearing a reasonable amount of gold: earrings, two bangles along with those made of glass and a chain.

I’ve fallen for this photo. It was uploaded on to Flickr on November 29, 2007 by Harneet and has been published under a Creative Commons licence.

Wednesday, February 20, 2008

Respecting Monuments

Reuters reports that a British man has been sentenced to five days’ detention for urinating on the ‘Freedom Monument’ in Latvia which was erected in 1935 as a symbol of the State’s resistance to foreign rule.
I am rather disgusted by his conduct especially since I can’t imagine any Briton ever behaving in a similar manner in his own country.
However, it also makes me think of the state in which many Indian monuments lie — not quite so much in a state of ruin but in a state of rubbish. The last time I went to Karla caves, it was well nigh impossible to go anywhere near parts of the the caves because of how much they stank, and I can’t think of too many times I’ve gone to a monument and failed to see graffiti of the ‘Sonu loves Monu’ variety etched into it.
I’m not sure why we don’t value monuments enough to be able to enjoy them without being disrespectful towards them.
Link: http://www.reuters.com/article/oddlyEnoughNews/idUSL1988648520080219

Tuesday, February 19, 2008

Footpath Barrier



When you try putting a barrier across a footpath you’ve just constructed to ensure that bikes can’t make their way on to it only to find that either the footpath or your barrier isn’t level, this is how you solve the problem.